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Objective@#The current study aims to find out the potential reasons why most schizophrenia patients have a relatively low sensitivity to the classification of emotional facial expressions. @*Methods@#By using an emotional categorical perception task, eighty-three schizophrenia patients and seventy-one healthy adults are provided with morphed emotional continuums with two emotional facial expressions (a positive emotional valence: happy; a negative emotional valence: sad). @*Results@#Through comparing the difference between schizophrenia patients and healthy adults in the processes of estimating facial expressions with ambiguous emotions, we find that the pattern of emotional categorical perception for schizophrenia patients is significantly different from that of healthy controls when they process signals on the local facial areas. Compared to healthy people, schizophrenia patients have a significantly separate classification pattern in processing emotional signals between the eyes and mouth regions. It indicates that compared to healthy adults, schizophrenia patients have larger conflicts in integrating emotional signals from different facial areas. To overcome conflicts, more cognitive resources are required. Unfortunately, the lack of cognitive resources leads to the failure of integration, which further increases the difficulty of estimating facial expressions with ambiguous emotions, and finally leads to the relatively low sensitivity of emotional facial expressions classification. @*Conclusion@#To sum up, the deficit of abnormal perceptions of emotional facial expressions in schizophrenia patients results from an integrated deficit of signals on facial areas.
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Objective@#To investigate the current status of family hardiness and its influencing factors in children with leukemia.@*Methods@#The children with leukemia and their caregivers in the Children's Hospital of Shanxi from August to November 2017 were enrolled. A questionnaire survey was conducted using a convenient sampling method, and 100 questionnaires were distributed. The questionnaire included the General Status Questionnaire, the Family Hardiness Index (FHI), the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS).@*Results@#A total of 92 valid questionnaires were collected. Among the scores of family hardiness in children with leukemia [(3.29±0.43) points], the responsibility score [(3.32±0.45) points] was higher than the control score [(3.31±0.46) points] and the challenge score [(3.23±0.53) points], and the challenge score was the lowest. The score of frequency of coping styles used by the caregiver of the child with leukemia was (3.64±0.70) points, the most frequent coping style used by the caregiver was "family unity, optimism, cooperative attitude" [(3.73±0.89) points], and the positive [(3.28±0.84) points] and negative [(2.51±0.80) points] emotions were in a moderate state. The child's sex, age, stage of chemotherapy and medical insurance status, the caregiver of the child, the age of the caregiver, the family's place of residence, and the education level were the related factors affecting the family hardiness score (all P < 0.01). The age of child, CHIP-1, CHIP-2, positive emotion and negative emotion were independent factors affecting the family hardiness (all P < 0.05). The CHIP, CHIP-1, CHIP-2 and positive emotion were positively correlated with the family hardiness (r values were 0.827, 0.883, 0.707 and 0.846, all P < 0.01); the negative emotion was negatively correlated with the family hardiness (r=-0.832, P < 0.01).@*Conclusion@#The family hardiness of children with leukemia is in the middle and upper level, the children's age, caregiver's coping style, positive emotion and negative emotion are factors affecting the family hardiness.
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Objective To explore the influence of psychological first aid training on cognitive appraisal of sudden events in medical students.Methods A medical university undergraduate students were selected and divided into the training group(n=42) and the control group(n=53).The former was treated with 20 hours short-term targeted psychological first aid,and the latter was treated as blank control.The SAM and LMSQ were adopted to measure students' cognitive appraisal before and after the training.Results After the training,the training group gained significant differences (P＜ 0.05) in threat (11.95 ±3.17) vs (10.45±2.48)(t=2.426,P=0.020),challenge (12.64t2.84) vs (14.40±1.95)(t=-3.304,P=0.002),controllable-by-self (13.05±3.15) vs (14.93±2.00) (t=-3.240,P=0.002),controllable-by-others (12.40±3.10) vs (14.52±2.52) (t=-3.553,P=0.001),stressfulness (13.26±2.69) vs (12.00±1.96) (t=2.592,P=0.013) of SAM,and Physical threat ((23.88±7.59) vs (19.76±4.82),t=3.057,P=0.004) of LMSQ compared with before training.Other factors had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with two groups,the training group gained significant increase(P＜0.05) on the score differences for SAM factors (challenge (t=-2.466,P=0.016),controllable-by-self (t=-2.557,P=0.012),controllable-by-others (t=-2.800,P=0.006)) than the control group,and significant reduction (P＜0.05) in physical threat (t=-2.308,P=0.023) of LMSQ.Conclusion Short-term targeted psychological first aid training has certain effects on changing cognitive appraisal about sudden events for medical students.
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Objective To analyze the mediating effect of coping style on the relationship between Looming Cognitive Style (LCS) and anxiety and depression of university students.Methods 281 university students were investigated with looming maladaptive style questionnaire (LMSQ),simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ),Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and Beck depression inventory (BDI).Results ① The differences between positive group and negative group in anxiety were significant in LCS ((62.67 ± 16.42) vs (52.56±11.23)) and physical threat of LCS((32.58±8.90) vs (26.14±6.40)) (t=2.97,P＜ 0.05;t=3.34,P＜0.05);and the differences were not significant in social threat of LCS(t=1.86,P＞0.05).The differences of the people in different degree of depression were significant in LCS and physical threat and social threat of LCS (F=11.635,P＜0.05;F=10.357,P＜0.05;F=4.774,P＜0.05).(②)LCS were positively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=0.257,P＜0.01;r=0.343,P＜0.01).Negative coping style was positively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=0.286,P＜0.01;r=0.299,P＜0.01),and positive coping style was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression(r=-0.176,P＜0.01;r=-0.248,P＜0.01).③ Positive and negative coping style partly mediated the relationship between LCS and anxiety and depression,and the proportions of mediating effects in total effects were 9.5％-21.8％,the variation for mediation explained the variance of the dependent variable were 9.5％-23.0％.Conclusion Coping style mediates LCS and anxiety and depression,and coping style are needed to be considered during intervening anxiety and depression of university students.
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Objective To explore the effect of looming cognitive style and negative evaluation on anxiety in college students.Methods A total of 300 college students were assessed with looming maladaptive style questionnaire(LMSQ),Beck anxiety inventory(BAI) and fear of negative evaluation scale (FNE).Results (1)There was significant gender difference in fear of negative evaluation in college students (90.16±11.69 vs 97.63± 11.69,t=-2.770,P＜0.05),and there was no significant gender difference in looming cognitive style and anxiety(50.49± 11.59 vs 53.67± 11.65,t=-2.770,P＞0.05;29.82±7.89 vs 28.84±7.22,t=0.813,P＞0.05).(2) LCS were positively correlated with fear of negative evaluation and anxiety (P＜ 0.01).(3) Looming cognitive style could forecast anxiety in college students (β=0.257).Looming cognitive style and fear of negative evaluation could forecast anxiety in college students together (β1 =0.137,β 2 =0.247).(4) The meditation effects of fear of negative evaluation in total effect were 0.468.Conclusion Looming cognitive style and fear of negative evaluation are important factors influencing the anxiety of college students,fear of negative evaluation plays an important mediation role between looming cognitive style and anxiety of college students.
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Objective To revise looming maladaptive style questionnaire(LMSQ-R) and examine its reliability and validity.Methods 284 undergraduates were measured preparedly with LMSQ-R,281 university students participated in a retest,using LMSQ-R,fear of negative evaluation scale (FNE),Beck anxiety inventory (BAI),Beck depression inventory (BDI).Results ①The item distinguish analysis was acceptable.②Reliability analysis confirmed that Cronbach α coefficient of LMSQ-R was 0.736,Cronbach α coefficient of the two subscales were 0.593 and 0.636.The test-retest reliability of LMSQ-R ranged from 0.564 to 0.700.③Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the first order six factor-second order two factor model was perfect according to the evaluation criteria.The correlation coefficient between the two subscales was 0.527,the correlation coefficients among the two subscales and the total score ranged from 0.872 to 0.875.The correlation coefficients among the LMSQ-R and FNE,BAI,BDI ranged from 0.872 to 0.875,the results had statistical significance.Conclusion The revised LMSQ-R shows the satisfactory reliability and validity in university students.It can be used as a useful testing tool of LCS in psychological research.
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Objective:The study aimed at investigating the impact factors of FHA.Methods:The 33-pair subjects were both implemented laboratory check about ?-EP,ACTH,FSH,LH ,E2 in blood and questionnaire about Life Event Scale,EPQ and Coping Style.Results: As for the results of the single factor logistic,the impact factors were very complex.Perhaps the mechanism of FHA resulted from multi-factor interact.The main factors determining whether women suffered from FHA or not were life event,?-EP and withdrawing coping style.Conclusion:The psycholosocial factors of life events,personality and coping styles play important roles in the onset of FHA.
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Objective: To investigate the incidence of menstrual disorder and the relationship between menstrual disorders and emotion, personality et al psychosocial factors in students. Methods: The study adopted stratified sampling method. 521 students were subjected to questionnaire of MHQ, STAI, CED-S and EPQ. Results: The rate of menstrual disorder was 44.7%. The average score of anxiety and depression in stress was significant higher than usual. The increasing trend of incidence of menstrual disorder accompanied with age, reaction degree of anxiety and depression and the level of trait anxiety in stress. Conclusion: The psychosocial factors such as emotion and personality play an important roles in the process of resulting in menstrual disorder. The doctors should pay more attention to strengthen the psychological interventions.